Distributed-Systems

Introduction Distributed systems underpin many critical applications today, from blockchain networks to large-scale cloud services. However, coordinating agreement (consensus) among distributed nodes is challenging, especially when some nodes may behave maliciously or unpredictably. This challenge is famously captured by the Byzantine Generals Problem, which models how independent actors can safely agree on a strategy despite some actors potentially acting against the group’s interest. This blog post will take you from zero to hero on Byzantine consensus in distributed systems. We’ll explore the problem’s origins, why it matters, fundamental solutions like Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT), and real-world applications. ...

Introduction Skip lists are a beautiful idea: a simple, probabilistic alternative to balanced trees that delivers expected O(log n) search, insert, and delete, yet is easier to implement and friendlier to concurrency. They’ve quietly powered critical systems for decades—from leaderboards and rate limiters to LSM-tree memtables and Redis sorted sets. In this post, you’ll go from beginner to hero: Understand the intuition, guarantees, and design of skip lists Implement a production-quality skip list in Python Learn how skip lists show up in system design Get practical guidance on performance, determinism, and trade-offs Explore advanced variants and when to use them If you’re building systems that need fast ordered access, range queries, or rank-based operations, skip lists belong in your toolkit. ...

Table of Contents Introduction: Why Message Queues Matter Understanding RabbitMQ Fundamentals System Design with Message Queues Setting Up Your Development Environment Your First RabbitMQ Producer Your First RabbitMQ Consumer Advanced Messaging Patterns Error Handling and Reliability Performance Optimization Monitoring and Operations Production Deployment Resources and Further Learning Introduction: Why Message Queues Matter In modern distributed systems, message queues have become as fundamental as databases. Think of them as the nervous system for your microservices architecture: ...

Introduction System design is the craft of turning ideas into resilient, scalable, and cost‑effective products. It spans protocols, storage engines, compute orchestration, observability, and more. This deep, zero‑to‑hero tutorial curates the top 50 technologies you should know—organized by category—with concise explanations, practical tips, code samples, and a learning path. Whether you’re preparing for interviews or architecting large‑scale systems, use this guide as your roadmap. Note: You don’t have to master everything at once. Build a foundation, then layer on technologies as your use cases demand. ...