Formal‑verification

Introduction Autonomous agents—software entities that perceive, reason, and act without human intervention—are rapidly moving from research prototypes to production‑grade components in domains such as robotics, finance, smart grids, and autonomous vehicles. As these agents become more capable, the stakes of their decisions rise dramatically. A single erroneous action can cause financial loss, safety hazards, or regulatory violations. Two complementary techniques have emerged as the cornerstone for building trustworthy autonomous agents: ...

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being deployed in environments where trust, privacy, and correctness are non‑negotiable. Traditional AI pipelines rely on centralized data providers, model owners, and compute infrastructures, creating single points of failure and opening doors for manipulation, data leakage, and regulatory non‑compliance. Decentralized AI agents—autonomous software entities that operate on peer‑to‑peer (P2P) networks or blockchains—promise a more open, resilient, and censorship‑resistant AI ecosystem. However, decentralization introduces new verification challenges: ...