Latency

Diagram of a CPU with multiple memory layers: registers, L1/L2 caches, DRAM, SSD.

What Memory Layers Cost in Effective Access Time

A deep dive into the cost of memory layers, showing how caches, RAM, and storage affect overall latency and how to model them accurately.

Diagram of HTTP/2 streams interleaving over a single TCP connection.

The Latency Cost of HTTP/2 Head-of-Line Blocking

A deep dive into HTTP/2’s hidden head‑of‑line blocking problem, its performance consequences, and practical ways to reduce latency.

Implementing Atomic Clock Synchronization in High‑Frequency Trading Networks

Atomic clocks give HFT firms nanosecond accuracy, aligning timestamps across data centers. This guide walks through hardware, protocols, and operational best practices.

Diagram of a B-Tree with a node being split.

Why B-Tree Node Splitting Causes Unexpected Tail Latency

B‑Tree node splits can trigger rare but costly latency spikes; this post explains why they happen and how to mitigate tail latency in modern storage engines.

Illustration of memory pages being duplicated on write.

How Copy-on-Write Semantics Impact Garbage Collection Latency

Copy‑on‑write can reduce memory copying but may increase GC pause times. This post explains why and how to mitigate the latency impact.