Signal-Protocol

Visualization of the double ratchet algorithm showing key chains evolving in two dimensions

Implementing Signal's Double Ratchet Protocol: Ephemeral Key Evolution and Forward Secrecy

An in-depth exploration of Signal’s Double Ratchet Protocol, covering how ephemeral key evolution and symmetric-key ratchets jointly provide forward secrecy and break-in recovery in end-to-end encrypted messaging.

Abstract diagram of encrypted message envelopes flowing from a sender through a notification gateway to multiple recipient devices.

Implementing End-to-End Encrypted Push Notifications with Signal and MLS

A practical guide to delivering push notifications that the server cannot read, covering Signal’s Double Ratchet, MLS group state, APNs/FCM payload constraints, and the tradeoffs you’ll hit in production.

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